posbanna.gif (8298 bytes)

On the Moon.gif (1994 bytes)                On Mars.gif (1450 bytes)                 On Venus.gif (1611 bytes)

1"Luna-10" 4"Mars-5" 7"Venera-4"
2"Luna-12" 5"Phobos-2" 8"Venera-5"
3"Luna-16" 6"Phobos-2" 9"Venera-6"

This instruments were developed in the Laboratory of the Planetary Geochemistry and manufactured by industry.

They were the pioneers in exploration of the Moon and planets.

1,2 - Gamma-Ray spectrometers, applied for measuring the content of K, U, Th in Moon rocks (" Luna-10,12");
3 - Soil sampler with the Moon soil ("Luna-16");
4,5 - Gamma-Ray spectrometers which were exploring the composition of Mars rocks ("Mars-5", "Phobos-2");
6 - Neutron spectrometer for the determination of water in the Martian rock ("Phobos-2");
7,8,9 - Gas analysers for the atmosphere content determination ("Venera-4,5,6");
10 - X-ray spectrometer, was determining the content of rocks ("Venera-13,14", "Vega-2");
11 - X-ray spectrometer, was determining the content of aerosol in the Venus atmosphere ("Venera-12,14");
12 - Gamma-Ray spectrometer, was measuring the concentration of K, U, Th in Venus rocks ("Venera-8,9,10");
13 - Radiation densitometer, which was applied for the determination of rock density on Venus ("Venera-9,10");
14- -Analyzer applied for water determination in the Venus atmosphere ("Vega-2");
15 - Mass-spectrometer designed for the determination of composition of aerosol ("Vega-2");

12"Venera-8,9,10"

11"Venera-12,14"

10"Venera-13,14", "Vega-2"

15"Vega-2"

14"Vega-2"

13"Venera-9,10"